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Using interface capturing methods (LSM, PFM) has become very popular because of the accuracy of computations in complex pore geometries and topological changes without the use of approximation in the using model (Yue et al. In recent years, various types of fluid flow simulation methods have been proposed in porous media: pore network modeling (PNM), lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), volume of fluid (VOF) method, front tracking method (FTM), level-set method (LSM) and phase-field method (PFM) (Blunt 2001 Succi 2001 Hirt and Nichols 1981 Unverdi and Tryggvason 1992 Smereka and Sethian 2003 Badalassi et al. Using numerical simulations is useful for confirming some experimental observations and does not have the technical limitations of laboratories. ( 2008) performed a lot of experimental tests and numerical solutions on a laboratory scale to analyze that which mechanisms affect water displacement. Craig conducted detailed studies on water flooding and oil displacement (Craig 1971). In 1805, Young and other researchers improved surface tension theory (Blunt 2001).
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Early studies of the two-phase flow continue from the early nineteenth century. Understanding the phenomenon of transportation in porous media is the challenge of field development (Valvatne and Blunt 2004). Also, in wide channels, saturation front, and narrow channels, the concentration front has a great effect on the main flowing. Surfactant injection results showed the wettability alteration and IFT finally increases the recovery factor in comparison with water injection. This range of surfactant concentrations after 4.5 ms increased the porous media recovery factor by 2.21%.
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In this study, an injection concentration (inlet boundary) of 1000 ppm was considered as a concentration less than the CMC point (2365 ppm). This dependence on concentration in using injection compounds is referred to as critical micelle concentration (CMC). The effect of using surfactant depends on its concentration. Also, the selected anionic surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate, which is more effective in sand reservoirs. In this study, simulation of water and surfactant injection into a porous media containing oil (two-phase) was performed using the computational fluid dynamics method on the image of a real micro-model. Simulations are the synthetic process of real systems. This is because the fracture surface has a much higher average porosity compared to the surrounding porous catalyst, which gives a higher mass transport rate.Nowadays, as the oil reservoirs reaching their half-life, using enhanced oil recovery methods is more necessary and more common. In the model, a twisted fracture "leaks" reactants deeper into the porous catalyst, from left to right, at a faster rate than the transport through the porous media. The image below shows the concentration field in a porous reactor model. Fluid flow and chemical species transport are seamlessly coupled between a 3D porous media structure and fluid flow and chemical species transport in a fracture. The Fracture boundary condition is included in the Transport of Diluted Species in Porous Media interface (see image) and has the same settings as in the Transport of Diluted Species in Fractures interface (described above). In cases where transport occurs in a fractured, porous 3D structure, the new Fracture boundary condition lets you model transport in the thin fractures without having to mesh them as 3D entities. Voir la copie d'écran Fracture Surfaces in the Transport of Diluted Species in Porous Media Interface Additionally, chemical reactions can be defined to occur within the fractures, at its surfaces, or in a porous medium that encompasses the fracture. Convective transport can be coupled to a Thin-Film Flow interface or through including your own equations to define fluid flow through the fracture. For the transport of the chemical species, the interface allows definition of effective diffusivity models to include the effects of porosity. The interface allows you to define the average fracture thickness, as well as the porosity in cases where the fracture is considered to be a porous structure. The new Transport of Diluted Species in Fractures interface treats the fracture as a shell, where only the transverse dimensions are meshed as a surface mesh. It is often difficult to model the transport of chemical species in such fractures through having to mesh the thickness of the fracture surface, due to the aspect ratios brought about by the large differences in size dimensions. Voir la copie d'écran New Transport of Diluted Species in Fractures Interfaceįractures have thicknesses that are very small compared to their length and width dimensions.